Culture
of peace strategic planning tools
Prepared by Robyn Stewart M.A., Director, Canadian Centres
for Teaching Peace
July 2008 (feedback invited to Robyn Stewart by email to canadianrobyn[at]yahoo.com
)
The following document is meant to accompany the Culture of Peace Matrix and assist users.
1.
Overview
The Matrix is divided, or categorized, into 4 parts associated with the 6 pledges of UNESCO’s Manifesto 2000.
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Manifesto 2000 |
Culture of
Peace |
Skills |
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Respect
all life Rediscover
solidarity |
·
Human rights ·
Gender equality ·
Understanding,
tolerance, solidarity |
·
Basic skills ·
Judgement skills ·
Reasoning skills |
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Listen
to understand |
·
Participatory
communication & free flow of info. & knowledge ·
Democratic
participation ·
Peace through
education |
·
Communication skills ·
Interpersonal skills |
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Share
with others Preserve
the planet |
·
Sustainable economic
& social development |
·
Management skills |
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Reject
violence |
·
Promote peace
& human security |
·
Technical skills |
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Each of these pledges is associated with one or more elements of UNESCO’s Culture of Peace Program. The purpose of making these associations is to come to some common and generally accepted understanding of the traits of a culture of peace.
Culture, as it is used in this matrix, is considered to be, “a tool kit of symbols, stories, rituals and world views, which people may use in varying configurations to solve different kinds of problems” (Ann Swidler, 1986: 273). The Matrix, therefore, associates a culture of peace with the possession of culture of peace skills and competencies.
In the Matrix, a progression of stages of organizational change toward a culture of peace from “awareness” to the development of “formal procedure,” which indicate the level of culture of peace competency an organization possesses. The stages are as follows:
a. Awareness
· Understanding the various elements of the culture of peace
b. Norms and values
· Choosing to prioritize the culture of peace by relating it to existing values and creating new ones
c. Processes and skills
· Creating skills and designing activities that promote the culture of peace in each individual and throughout the organization
d. Formal procedure(s)
· Setting goals and targets for a culture of peace
· Documenting prescribed procedure and consequences for non-performance/non-adherence
· Evaluation
These competencies – awareness, norms and values, processes and skills, and formal procedure – are evaluated on a continuum of “major strengths” to “major weaknesses.”
During the assessment process, discussion will arise about how to evaluate the organization’s culture of peace, unless targets or indicators are agreed upon and set prior to the assessment, which is a major step in developing awareness and progressing toward developing norms and values that support an organizational culture of peace.
2.
Project
Definition
The
following table will give a better understanding of the vision, objectives,
outcomes, deliverables and activities of this culture of peace assessment
project.
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Term
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Description
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Form
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Vision
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A
sense of what the project aims to achieve in the broadest terms |
Contribute
to building a global culture of peace |
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Outcomes
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Broad
view of the aims of the project |
Become
an exemplary organization that exhibits and benefits from an
organizational culture of peace |
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Objectives
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What
the project will do – should be readily measurable |
Develop
an organizational culture of peace strategy: an assessment; goals; a plan;
procedure. |
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Deliverables
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What
the project will produce. |
A
culture of peace report card. Documentation of organizational goals. A
custom training program. |
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Tasks
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The
activities that are required to produce the deliverable - usually many
tasks per deliverable. |
Carry
out a culture of peace audit. Analyse skill gaps. Consult stakeholders.
Design and undertake a custom training program to close gaps. |
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Method
of approach/values |
Useful
in voluntary sector projects. May encapsulate an organisation's values. |
Participatory:
consult widely; involve stakeholders (management, staff, board,
volunteers, clients, etc). Non-adversarial. |
3. Planning
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Assignment |
Days (#) |
Responsible |
Resources |
Cost per day |
Total cost |
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Assessment |
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1. Culture of Peace Audit (Matrix) |
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a) Solidarity & respect for life |
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A1: determining appropriate &
measureable indicators |
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b) Understanding |
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B1: determining appropriate &
measureable indicators |
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c) Sharing with others |
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C1: determining appropriate &
measurable indicators |
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d) Rejection of violence |
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D1: determining appropriate &
measurable indicators |
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2. Report Card |
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Goal setting |
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1. Defining indicators |
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2. Determining
targets |
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3. Documentation |
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Custom training plan |
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1. Training manual |
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2. Instruction |
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Goal
Management |
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1. Activities necessary to
meet culture of peace goals & targets |
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4.
Assessment
A. Using the Culture of Peace Matrix
One of the practical attributes of the Matrix is that the assessment is done along a continuum from “major strength” to “major weakness.” This means that during a preliminary assessment, a group can sit down and simply discuss how they think that the organization ranks using the group’s personal judgement. This preliminary run-through will inevitably result in discussion about to “how we can measure” each point. Such discussions will produce better understanding of the culture of peace, of the organization, and about how to develop indicators and targets for a second, more thorough, assessment. Organizations in different sectors will have different appropriate indicators and targets, this flexible Matrix is meant to encourage organizations to develop targets and indicators that are relevant and appropriate for them.
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Manifesto 2000 |
UNESCO Culture of Peace Program |
Culture of Peace Matrix |
Major strength |
Strength |
Neutral |
Weakness |
Major weakness |
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Notes:
What is the
target/indicator? |
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Solidarity & respect for
all life |
Human rights |
Knowledge
of human rights |
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Most
or all involved have knowledge about human rights |
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·
Specialized
personnel are trained to promote human rights |
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Human
rights are valued |
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Most
or all involved value human rights |
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Skills
& activities designed especially to promote human rights |
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·
Skills
necessary to promote human rights are widespread |
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Many
or all are regularly involved in activities to promote human rights |
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Activities
related to human rights are carried out by trained personnel |
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Formal
procedures and methods of evaluation exist |
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·
Formal
procedures exist to deal with human rights abuse |
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·
Goals
and targets related to human rights protocol have been set & are
followed |
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·
There
are persons trained to deal specifically with human rights-related
conflict |
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The
state of human rights is monitored regularly and effectively |
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The
processes involved in resolving human rights issues is effective and
timely |
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Adequate
resources are dedicated to the promotion of human rights |
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Gender equality |
Knowledge
about gender equality |
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Most
or all involved have knowledge about gender equality/inequality |
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·
Specialized
personnel are trained to promote gender equality |
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Gender
equality is valued |
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Most
or all involved value gender equality |
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Skills
& activities designed especially to promote gender equality |
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·
Skills
necessary to promote gender equality are widespread |
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·
Many
or all are regularly involved in activities to promote gender equality |
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Activities
related to gender equality are carried out by trained personnel |
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Formal
procedures and methods of evaluation exist |
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·
Formal
procedures exist to deal with gender inequalities |
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·
Goals
and targets related to gender equality have been set & are followed |
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There
are persons trained to deal specifically with gender-related conflict |
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The
state of gender equality/inequality is monitored regularly &
effectively |
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The
processes involved in resolving gender inequalities are effective &
timely |
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Adequate
resources are dedicated to the promotion of gender equality |
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Solidarity |
Tolerance
& understanding are present |
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·
Most
or all involved have knowledge about discrimination & intolerance |
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Specialized
personnel are trained to promote tolerance & understanding |
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Solidarity
is valued |
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·
Most
or all involved value solidarity |
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Skills
& activities designed especially to promote solidarity |
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·
Skills
necessary to promote tolerance & understanding are widespread |
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·
Many
or all are regularly involved in activities to promote solidarity |
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·
Skills
& activities for building solidarity are carried out by trained
personnel |
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Formal
procedures and methods of evaluation exist |
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·
Formal
procedures exist to deal with intolerance and lack of understanding |
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·
Goals
& targets for tolerance, understanding & solidarity are set &
followed |
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·
There
are persons trained to deal specifically with conflict related to disunity |
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The
state of solidarity is monitored regularly and effectively |
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The
processes involved in resolving disunity are effective and timely |
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Adequate
resources are dedicated to the promotion of solidarity |
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Relevant skills: |
Perceptual
abilities: |
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·
Regular
peace culture appraisals involve comparison with other organizations |
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·
Finding
patterns of conflict & peace that exist internally & in your
environment |
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Ability
to organize information about peace and conflict effectively for use |
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Reasoning: |
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·
Forums
exist for brainstorming & generating creative ideas to promote peace |
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·
Media
exist to distil information & group it in different ways for
dissemination |
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Structures/departments
exist to organize peace information & action |
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·
Problem
identification |
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·
Problem
solving (generating, classifying, reorganizing info, evaluating outcomes) |
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Understanding |
Communication |
Knowledge
about the importance of non-violent communication |
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Most
or all involved have knowledge about non-violent communication |
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Specialized
personnel are trained to promote non-violent communication |
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Non-violent
communication is valued |
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Most
or all involved value non-violent communication |
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Skills
& activities designed especially to promote non-violent communication |
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Most
or all make use of non-violent communication skills and tools |
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Many
or all regularly use non-violent communication |
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Activities
to building better communication are undertaken by trained personnel |
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Formal
procedures and methods of evaluation exist |
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·
Formal
procedures exist to deal with problems in communication |
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·
Goals
and targets for non-violent communication have been set & are followed |
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There
are persons trained to deal specifically with communication conflicts |
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The
state of communication is monitored regularly and effectively |
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The
processes involved in resolving poor communication are effective &
timely |
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Adequate
resources are dedicated to promotion of non-violent communication |
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Participation |
Knowledge
about inclusion and exclusion |
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Most
or all involved have knowledge about inclusion and exclusion |
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Specialized
personnel are trained to promote inclusion |
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Inclusiveness
and participation are valued |
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Most
or all involved value inclusion |
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Skills
& activities designed especially to promote inclusion &
participation |
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·
The
skills necessary to promote inclusiveness are widespread |
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Many
or all are regularly involved in activities to promote inclusion |
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Trained
personnel undertake activities to promote participation & inclusion |
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Formal
procedures and methods of evaluation exist |
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·
Formal
procedures exist to deal with problems of exclusion |
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·
Goals
and targets for inclusion have been set and are followed |
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There
are persons trained to deal specificially with exclusion |
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The
state of exclusion/inclusiveness is monitored regularly and effectively |
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The
processes involved in resolving exclusion are effective and timely |
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·
Adequate
resources are dedicated to the promotion of inclusion & participation |
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Peace training |
Knowledge
about peace culture |
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·
Most
or all involved have knowledge about peace culture |
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·
Specialized
personnel are trianed to promote peace culture |
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Peace
culture is valued |
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·
Most
or all involved value peace culture |
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Skills
& activities designed especially to promote peace training |
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·
The
skills necessary to promote peace culture are widespread |
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·
Many
or all are regularly involved in peace training activities |
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·
Activities
to promote peace culture are undertaken by trained personnel |
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Formal
procedures and methods of evaluation exist |
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·
Formal
procedures exist to facilitate peace training |
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·
Goals
and targets for peace training have been set and are followed |
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·
There
are persons trained to facilitate peace training |
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·
Peace
training activities & programs are monitored regularly &
effectively |
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·
Adequate
resources are dedicated to the promotion of peace training |
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Relevant skills: |
Communication
skills: |
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·
Forums
exist for peace dialogue |
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Outcome
of dialogue are documented, reorganized & used by the institution |
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Non-violent
communication skills: (exhibited by individuals & the institution) |
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·
Focus
on needs |
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Transparency
and honest self-expression |
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Empathy
(attempt to be aware of the others' feelings) |
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Use
of non-violent language |
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Interpersonal
skills: (are exhibited by
individuals and the institution) |
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Ability
to adjust to others' actions |
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Awareness
of others |
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Helping
or serving others |
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Ability
to teach, instruct, facilitate and lead for peace |
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Collaborative/transformative
negotiation |
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Ability
of persuasion |
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Sharing with others |
Sustainability |
Knowledge
about environment, human development & sustainability issues |
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·
Most
or all have knowledge about sustainable development |
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Specialized
personnel are trained to promote environmental sustainability |
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The
environment, human development & sustainability are valued |
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·
Most
or all involved value the environment & sustainable human development |
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Skills
& activities designed especially to promote sustainability |
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·
The
skills necessary to promote sustainable development are widespread |
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Many/all
are regularly involved in activities to promote sustainable development |
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·
Trained
personnel undertake activities to promote sustainable development |
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Formal
procedures and methods of evaluation exist |
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·
Formal
procedures exist to promote sustainable development |
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·
Goals
and targets for sustainability have been set and are followed |
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·
There
are persons trained specifically to promote sustainable development |
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Sustainability
and environmental costs are monitored regularly and effectively |
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The
processes of minimizing environmental costs is effective and timely |
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Adequate
resources are dedicated to the promotion of sustainable development |
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Relevant skills: |
Management
skills: |
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Ability
to envision peace and other ideal systems |
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·
Evaluation
of system performance |
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Identification
of long-range consequences and risk |
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Ability
to identify system change |
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·
Decision
Making |
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Managing
financial resources |
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Managing
environmental/natural resources |
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·
Managing
equipment and material resources |
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·
Time
and human resource management |
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·
Managing
& supervising personnel |
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Rejection of violence |
Peace & human security |
Knowledge
about peace, conflict, violence and insecurity |
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·
Most
or all have knowledge about peace, conflict, violence and insecurity |
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·
Specialized
personnel are trained to promote peace and human security |
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Peace
& security are valued |
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Most
or all involved value peace and security |
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Skills
& activities designed especially to promote peace & security |
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·
The
skills necessary to promote peace and security are widespread |
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·
Many/all
are regularly involved in activities to reduce violence & promote
peace |
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·
Trained
personnel undertake activities to reduce violence & promote peace |
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Formal
procedures and methods of evaluation exist |
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Formal
procedures exist to deal with incidences of violence & to promote
peace |
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Goals
and targets for peace and human security have been set & are followed |
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·
There
are persons trained specifically to reduce violence and promote peace |
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·
Violent
incidences & peacebuilding activities are monitored regularly &
effectively |
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·
The
processes of dealing with incidences of violence are effective &
timely |
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·
Adequate
resources are dedicated to eliminating violence & promoting peace |
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Relevant skills: |
Technical
skills: |
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·
Conflict
prevention |
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·
Conflict
management |
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·
Conflict
resolution/transformation |
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·
Peace
planning & design of peacebuilding programs |
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·
Peace
training |
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·
Use
of technology to promote peace culture |
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·
Design
of technology, tools & resources to promote peace culture |
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·
Ability
to determine design needs; peace invention; peace entrepreneurship |
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·
Impact
assessments (environmental, social, economic, etc) |
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·
Monitoring
resource use (environmental accounting, social accounting, audits, etc) |
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·
Maintaining
resources (natural, human, material, time, financial) |
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·
Resource
selection |
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·
Resource
mobilization |
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·
Testing
procedure |
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·
Trouble
shooting |
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·
Risk
assessment |
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Total: |
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Major strengths |
Strengths |
Neutral |
Weaknesses |
Major Weaknesses |
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Culture
of Peace Balance sheet
Efficiency: measures
the outputs over inputs, or how much “output” is gained from total
“inputs”.
Balance Sheet
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Program Components |
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Cost |
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Inputs |
Human resources Labour Materials Equipment |
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Activities |
Carry out a culture of peace audit. Analyse skill gaps. Consult stakeholders. Design a custom training program to close gaps. Facilitate training sessions. Evaluation. |
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Total cost: |
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Value |
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Outputs |
A culture of peace report card. Documentation of organizational goals. A custom training program. Several training sessions. Impact assessment. |
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Reach |
Employees,
families, clients, community |
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Immediate outcomes |
Reduction
in violent occurrences Greater
internal awareness of the impact of violence Better
communication |
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Intermediate outcomes |
Greater
employee satisfaction Improved
client services Recognition |
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Ultimate outcomes |
Reduction
of violence & crime in the community Improvement
in standards of living A
culture of peace |
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Total value: |
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Total value: |
|
|
|
Less total cost: |
|
|
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Program efficiency: |
|
Additional
things to consider in evaluation:
Effectiveness
is an estimate of relationship between the outcomes for the
intended recipients and the objectives of the project. It is a measure of the
extent that output achieves objectives (i.e., did the project encourage the
clients to achieve the intended outcomes).
Appropriateness is an indication of the relevance of program objectives to actual community or young people's needs.